All patients
adolescents (typically 12-15 years of age) adults (typically between 18 and 65yr) age >= 55 yr age >= 60 yr age >= 65 yr age >= 75 yr alpha variant (B.1.1.7, UK) any cancer autoimmune disease beta variant (B.1.351 / 501Y.V2, South Africa) children corticosteroids: no corticosteroids: yes critical disease delta variant (B.1.617.2, Indian) dialysis patients elderly (typically over 65yr) fully vaccinated gamma variant (P.1, Brazil) haematological cancers healthcare workers immunodepression invasive ventilation kidney transplant recipients no oxygen needed non invasive oxygen obese omicron variant BA.1 (B.1.1.529) omicron variant BA.2 VOC original (Wuhan) strain positive for SARS-Cov-2 at baseline severe disease solid cancer solid organ transplant recipients subjects at risk
potential COVID-19 treatments in COVID 19 hospitalized - Summary of results Outcome TE 95% CI n k I2 ROB Pub. bias death D28detailed results Abdulamir, 2021 1.00 [0.20; 5.12]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 1.08 [0.79; 1.47]
FACCT Trial, 2021 0.69 [0.28; 1.68]
Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir), 2021 0.62 [0.33; 1.17]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 0.77 [0.17; 3.50]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 0.52 [0.09; 2.86]
HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021 0.80 [0.52; 1.24]
I-TECH (Lim), 2022 0.31 [0.09; 1.09]
Krolewiecki, 2020 0.49 [0.01; 26.05]
Mahajan, 2021 1.23 [0.34; 4.42]
Mobarak S (DISCOVER), 2021 1.10 [0.77; 1.57]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 0.73 [0.52; 1.03]
RECOVERY, 2020 1.09 [0.97; 1.23]
RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020 0.97 [0.87; 1.08]
Shahbaznejad, 2020 2.21 [0.07; 67.87]
SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 1.19 [0.89; 1.59]
1.00 [0.92 ; 1.08 ] Abdulamir, 2021, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020, FACCT Trial, 2021, Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir), 2021, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021, I-TECH (Lim), 2022, Krolewiecki, 2020, Mahajan, 2021, Mobarak S (DISCOVER), 2021, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020, RECOVERY, 2020, RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020, Shahbaznejad, 2020, SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 16 5% 19,287 moderate low death or transfer to ICUdetailed results RECOVERY, 2020 1.09 [0.99; 1.20]
1.09 [0.99 ; 1.20 ] RECOVERY, 2020 1 0% 4,836 NA not evaluable deathsdetailed results Abd-Elsalam, 2020 1.21 [0.36; 4.12]
Abdulamir, 2021 1.00 [0.20; 5.12]
Cao, 2020 0.71 [0.36; 1.40]
CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 1.10 [0.49; 2.45]
Chen, 2020 0.56 [0.01; 30.20]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 0.64 [0.18; 2.24]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti)-Hydroxychloroquine, 2020 1.47 [0.48; 4.52]
COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020 0.43 [0.13; 1.44]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 1.08 [0.79; 1.47]
Dabbous HM, 2020 0.51 [0.02; 15.41]
FACCT Trial, 2021 0.96 [0.44; 2.08]
Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir), 2021 0.62 [0.33; 1.17]
Galan, 2021 0.94 [0.51; 1.73]
Gonzalez (HCQ), 2020 0.33 [0.06; 1.78]
Gonzalez (IVER), 2020 0.83 [0.23; 3.02]
GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 0.73 [0.37; 1.44]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 0.76 [0.17; 3.40]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 0.51 [0.09; 2.84]
HAHPS, 2020 7.00 [0.80; 60.90]
Hashim A, 2020 0.48 [0.11; 1.99]
Hung et al., 2020 0.47 [0.01; 24.30]
HYCOVID, 2020 0.54 [0.21; 1.40]
HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021 0.80 [0.52; 1.24]
I-TECH (Lim), 2022 0.31 [0.09; 1.09]
Khamis, 2020 0.83 [0.23; 2.96]
Kirti, 2021 0.12 [0.01; 2.36]
Krolewiecki, 2020 0.49 [0.01; 26.05]
Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020 1.12 [0.02; 62.74]
Lou Y, 2020 1.00 [0.02; 55.80]
Mahajan, 2021 1.23 [0.34; 4.42]
Mobarak S (DISCOVER), 2021 1.15 [0.80; 1.67]
NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020 0.16 [0.01; 3.25]
NCT04542694, 2020 1.00 [0.02; 50.90]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 0.55 [0.36; 0.84]
NO COVID-19 (Lyngbakken), 2020 0.96 [0.06; 15.78]
Nojomi, 2020 0.49 [0.04; 5.58]
Nojomi, 2020 2.04 [0.18; 23.27]
NOR-Solidarity (hydroxychloroquine), 2021 3.10 [0.29; 33.20]
ORCHID, 2020 1.07 [0.54; 2.11]
ProPAC-COVID, 2021 0.08 [0.00; 8.65]
RECOVERY, 2020 1.09 [0.97; 1.23]
RECOVERY, 2020 1.03 [0.91; 1.17]
RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020 0.97 [0.87; 1.08]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020 0.83 [0.65; 1.06]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020 0.58 [0.36; 0.93]
Ren, 2020 1.00 [0.02; 55.80]
Sadeghi , 2020 0.56 [0.12; 2.56]
Sekhavati, 2020 0.49 [0.02; 14.80]
Solaymani-Dodaran, 2021 1.22 [0.66; 2.26]
SOLIDARITY (lopi/rito), 2020 1.00 [0.79; 1.26]
SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020 0.95 [0.81; 1.11]
SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 1.19 [0.89; 1.59]
TEACH, 2020 1.07 [0.34; 3.37]
Udwadia, 2020 0.50 [0.02; 15.03]
Yakoot, 2020 0.38 [0.07; 2.08]
0.98 [0.93 ; 1.03 ] Abd-Elsalam, 2020, Abdulamir, 2021, Cao, 2020, CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, Chen, 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti)-Hydroxychloroquine, 2020, COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020, Dabbous HM, 2020, FACCT Trial, 2021, Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir), 2021, Galan, 2021, Gonzalez (HCQ), 2020, Gonzalez (IVER), 2020, GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, HAHPS, 2020, Hashim A, 2020, Hung et al., 2020, HYCOVID, 2020, HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021, I-TECH (Lim), 2022, Khamis, 2020, Kirti, 2021, Krolewiecki, 2020, Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020, Lou Y, 2020, Mahajan, 2021, Mobarak S (DISCOVER), 2021, NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020, NCT04542694, 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020, NO COVID-19 (Lyngbakken), 2020, Nojomi, 2020, Nojomi, 2020, NOR-Solidarity (hydroxychloroquine), 2021, ORCHID, 2020, ProPAC-COVID, 2021, RECOVERY, 2020, RECOVERY, 2020, RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020, Ren, 2020, Sadeghi , 2020, Sekhavati, 2020, Solaymani-Dodaran, 2021, SOLIDARITY (lopi/rito), 2020, SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020, SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020, TEACH, 2020, Udwadia, 2020, Yakoot, 2020 55 0% 39,316 moderate critical deaths (time to event analysis only)detailed results Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 0.64 [0.18; 2.24]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 1.08 [0.79; 1.47]
Galan, 2021 0.94 [0.51; 1.73]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 0.76 [0.17; 3.40]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 0.51 [0.09; 2.84]
HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021 0.80 [0.52; 1.24]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 0.55 [0.36; 0.84]
NOR-Solidarity (hydroxychloroquine), 2021 3.10 [0.29; 33.20]
RECOVERY, 2020 1.09 [0.97; 1.23]
RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020 0.97 [0.87; 1.08]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020 0.83 [0.65; 1.06]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020 0.58 [0.36; 0.93]
SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020 0.95 [0.81; 1.11]
SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 1.19 [0.89; 1.59]
0.94 [0.84 ; 1.04 ] Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020, Galan, 2021, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020, NOR-Solidarity (hydroxychloroquine), 2021, RECOVERY, 2020, RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020, SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020, SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 14 41% 23,929 moderate low clinical deteriorationdetailed results CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 0.95 [0.55; 1.64]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 0.99 [0.57; 1.72]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti)-Hydroxychloroquine, 2020 1.21 [0.69; 2.12]
ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 3.69 [0.37; 36.57]
ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020 0.86 [0.06; 11.36]
HAHPS, 2020 1.07 [0.63; 1.82]
Hashim A, 2020 0.40 [0.10; 1.63]
I-TECH (Lim), 2022 1.25 [0.87; 1.80]
Li T, 2020 0.48 [0.01; 27.44]
NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020 0.44 [0.23; 0.84]
TEACH, 2020 1.80 [0.62; 5.21]
1.00 [0.79 ; 1.27 ] CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti)-Hydroxychloroquine, 2020, ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020, ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020, HAHPS, 2020, Hashim A, 2020, I-TECH (Lim), 2022, Li T, 2020, NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020, TEACH, 2020 11 19% 2,203 moderate low clinical improvementdetailed results AVIFAVIR, 2020 0.53 [0.13; 2.19]
Cao, 2020 1.31 [0.94; 1.83]
CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 1.23 [0.87; 1.74]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 0.81 [0.54; 1.22]
COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020 0.82 [0.47; 1.43]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 0.74 [0.51; 1.07]
GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 0.79 [0.61; 1.02]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 1.16 [0.77; 1.74]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 1.65 [1.09; 2.49]
Huang, 2020 1.37 [0.73; 2.56]
Hung et al., 2020 3.92 [1.66; 9.24]
Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020 1.25 [0.21; 7.62]
NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020 1.89 [1.06; 3.38]
NCT04542694, 2020 2.10 [1.04; 4.24]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 1.29 [1.12; 1.49]
ORCHID, 2020 1.02 [0.73; 1.42]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020 0.63 [0.37; 1.06]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 1.63 [1.14; 2.34]
Udwadia, 2020 1.75 [1.10; 2.79]
1.19 [1.01 ; 1.40 ] AVIFAVIR, 2020, Cao, 2020, CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020, GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, Huang, 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020, NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020, NCT04542694, 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020, ORCHID, 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020, Udwadia, 2020 19 65% 5,695 moderate low clinical improvement (14-day)detailed results AVIFAVIR, 2020 0.53 [0.13; 2.19]
Cao, 2020 1.94 [1.09; 3.48]
CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 1.21 [0.64; 2.28]
Chen, 2020 0.56 [0.13; 2.48]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 1.01 [0.58; 1.76]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti)-Hydroxychloroquine, 2020 0.83 [0.47; 1.44]
COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020 0.82 [0.47; 1.43]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 0.74 [0.51; 1.07]
GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 1.53 [1.02; 2.29]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 1.58 [1.01; 2.47]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 1.56 [1.00; 2.44]
Huang, 2020 1.37 [0.73; 2.56]
Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020 1.25 [0.21; 7.62]
Lou Y, 2020 1.50 [0.26; 8.82]
ORCHID, 2020 1.02 [0.73; 1.42]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020 0.85 [0.64; 1.12]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020 0.63 [0.37; 1.06]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 1.28 [1.05; 1.56]
Sadeghi , 2020 3.63 [1.02; 12.93]
1.11 [0.94 ; 1.30 ] AVIFAVIR, 2020, Cao, 2020, CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, Chen, 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti)-Hydroxychloroquine, 2020, COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020, GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, Huang, 2020, Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020, Lou Y, 2020, ORCHID, 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020, Sadeghi , 2020 19 47% 5,154 moderate low clinical improvement (21-day)detailed results Li T, 2020 2.09 [0.04; 119.96]
2.09 [0.04 ; 119.96 ] Li T, 2020 1 0% 18 NA not evaluable clinical improvement (28-day)detailed results Cao, 2020 1.59 [0.84; 3.03]
CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 1.37 [0.79; 2.39]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 0.70 [0.47; 1.04]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 1.88 [1.03; 3.42]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 1.75 [0.97; 3.17]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 1.35 [1.03; 1.76]
ORCHID, 2020 0.97 [0.69; 1.37]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 1.11 [0.96; 1.29]
Udwadia, 2020 1.75 [1.10; 2.79]
1.24 [1.03 ; 1.50 ] Cao, 2020, CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020, ORCHID, 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020, Udwadia, 2020 9 54% 3,475 moderate not evaluable clinical improvement (7-day)detailed results Cao, 2020 3.16 [0.62; 16.06]
CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 0.99 [0.18; 5.51]
COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020 0.89 [0.59; 1.35]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 0.94 [0.63; 1.40]
GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 1.46 [0.95; 2.23]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 1.03 [0.69; 1.53]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 1.41 [0.94; 2.09]
Kirti, 2021 0.90 [0.77; 1.06]
Lou Y, 2020 1.00 [0.05; 18.57]
NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020 1.93 [1.27; 2.93]
NCT04542694, 2020 2.10 [1.04; 4.24]
ORCHID, 2020 1.16 [0.84; 1.61]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 1.50 [1.02; 2.21]
1.22 [1.02 ; 1.46 ] Cao, 2020, CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020, GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, Kirti, 2021, Lou Y, 2020, NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020, NCT04542694, 2020, ORCHID, 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020 13 53% 3,686 moderate critical clinical improvement (time to event analysis only)detailed results Cao, 2020 1.31 [0.94; 1.83]
CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 1.23 [0.87; 1.74]
FACCT Trial, 2021 0.85 [0.62; 1.16]
GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 0.79 [0.61; 1.02]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 1.16 [0.94; 1.44]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 1.15 [0.93; 1.42]
Hung et al., 2020 3.92 [1.66; 9.24]
HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021 1.05 [0.74; 1.48]
NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020 1.89 [1.06; 3.38]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 1.29 [1.12; 1.49]
ORCHID, 2020 0.97 [0.69; 1.36]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 1.63 [1.14; 2.34]
Shinkai, 2021 1.40 [0.91; 2.15]
Solaymani-Dodaran, 2021 0.94 [0.75; 1.17]
Udwadia, 2020 1.75 [1.10; 2.79]
1.19 [1.04 ; 1.35 ] Cao, 2020, CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, FACCT Trial, 2021, GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, Hung et al., 2020, HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021, NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020, ORCHID, 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020, Shinkai, 2021, Solaymani-Dodaran, 2021, Udwadia, 2020 15 63% 4,820 moderate low death or ventilationdetailed results Gonzalez (HCQ), 2020 0.69 [0.22; 2.21]
Gonzalez (IVER), 2020 0.89 [0.30; 2.64]
HYCOVID, 2020 1.12 [0.45; 2.79]
NCT04310228-FAVI (Zhao), 2020 3.60 [0.13; 102.66]
ORCHID, 2020 1.13 [0.60; 2.13]
RECOVERY, 2020 1.14 [1.03; 1.27]
RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020 0.95 [0.87; 1.03]
SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020 0.97 [0.85; 1.10]
SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 1.11 [0.87; 1.42]
1.02 [0.95 ; 1.10 ] Gonzalez (HCQ), 2020, Gonzalez (IVER), 2020, HYCOVID, 2020, NCT04310228-FAVI (Zhao), 2020, ORCHID, 2020, RECOVERY, 2020, RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020, SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020, SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 9 14% 19,870 moderate not evaluable hospital dischargedetailed results FACCT Trial, 2021 0.88 [0.64; 1.21]
Gonzalez (HCQ), 2020 1.38 [0.46; 4.16]
Gonzalez (IVER), 2020 0.71 [0.15; 3.40]
HAHPS, 2020 0.91 [0.54; 1.54]
Huang, 2020 2.00 [1.15; 3.47]
HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021 1.01 [0.72; 1.42]
Kirti, 2021 1.20 [0.73; 1.98]
Li T, 2020 10.00 [1.03; 97.50]
RECOVERY, 2020 0.98 [0.91; 1.05]
RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020 1.04 [0.98; 1.10]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020 0.83 [0.69; 1.00]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020 0.63 [0.43; 0.92]
Udwadia, 2020 1.41 [0.97; 2.03]
0.99 [0.89 ; 1.10 ] FACCT Trial, 2021, Gonzalez (HCQ), 2020, Gonzalez (IVER), 2020, HAHPS, 2020, Huang, 2020, HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021, Kirti, 2021, Li T, 2020, RECOVERY, 2020, RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020, Udwadia, 2020 13 55% 14,853 moderate low mechanical ventilationdetailed results Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 1.77 [0.81; 3.87]
COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020 1.54 [0.70; 3.37]
Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir), 2021 0.70 [0.52; 0.95]
Galan, 2021 0.14 [0.03; 0.71]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 0.26 [0.03; 2.30]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 0.13 [0.01; 2.45]
I-TECH (Lim), 2022 0.41 [0.13; 1.30]
Kirti, 2021 0.20 [0.00; 8.69]
Li T, 2020 0.40 [0.04; 3.90]
Lou Y, 2020 2.11 [0.06; 70.98]
Mahajan, 2021 2.27 [0.39; 13.27]
Mobarak S (DISCOVER), 2021 1.52 [0.72; 3.19]
RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020 0.92 [0.79; 1.07]
Sadeghi , 2020 0.37 [0.09; 1.58]
Sekhavati, 2020 0.16 [0.01; 3.19]
Shahbaznejad, 2020 2.24 [0.19; 25.88]
Solaymani-Dodaran, 2021 1.62 [0.85; 3.08]
SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020 1.04 [0.87; 1.23]
Udwadia, 2020 0.06 [0.01; 0.83]
Yakoot, 2020 0.38 [0.07; 2.08]
0.91 [0.72 ; 1.15 ] Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020, Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir), 2021, Galan, 2021, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, I-TECH (Lim), 2022, Kirti, 2021, Li T, 2020, Lou Y, 2020, Mahajan, 2021, Mobarak S (DISCOVER), 2021, RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020, Sadeghi , 2020, Sekhavati, 2020, Shahbaznejad, 2020, Solaymani-Dodaran, 2021, SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020, Udwadia, 2020, Yakoot, 2020 20 45% 17,156 moderate low mechanical ventilation (time to event analysis only)detailed results Udwadia, 2020 0.06 [0.01; 0.83]
0.06 [0.01 ; 0.83 ] Udwadia, 2020 1 0% 14 NA not evaluable radiologic improvement (14-day)detailed results ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 0.48 [0.02; 11.28]
ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020 0.18 [0.01; 3.99]
Huang, 2020 1.33 [0.94; 1.88]
NCT04310228-FAVI (Zhao), 2020 0.32 [0.06; 1.63]
Rashad A (AZI vs SoC), 2021 1.64 [0.94; 2.88]
1.22 [0.77 ; 1.92 ] ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020, ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020, Huang, 2020, NCT04310228-FAVI (Zhao), 2020, Rashad A (AZI vs SoC), 2021 5 27% 274 moderate not evaluable radiologic improvement (7-day)detailed results ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 0.10 [0.00; 2.09]
ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020 0.08 [0.00; 1.71]
Huang, 2020 2.40 [0.26; 22.51]
Ren, 2020 19.00 [0.85; 422.73]
0.82 [0.07 ; 9.29 ] ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020, ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020, Huang, 2020, Ren, 2020 4 66% 88 moderate not evaluable viral clearance detailed results AVIFAVIR, 2020 3.89 [1.23; 12.29]
Chaccour, 2020 0.92 [0.77; 1.09]
Dabbous HM, 2020 1.33 [0.60; 2.93]
ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 1.28 [0.19; 8.76]
ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020 2.80 [0.31; 25.53]
Huang, 2020 1.20 [0.78; 1.85]
Hung et al., 2020 4.37 [1.86; 10.25]
Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020 0.18 [0.01; 4.75]
NCT04542694, 2020 13.03 [2.96; 57.24]
Ren, 2020 28.50 [1.27; 640.66]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 1.28 [0.92; 1.79]
Udwadia, 2020 1.37 [0.94; 1.98]
1.67 [1.17 ; 2.38 ] AVIFAVIR, 2020, Chaccour, 2020, Dabbous HM, 2020, ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020, ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020, Huang, 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020, NCT04542694, 2020, Ren, 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020, Udwadia, 2020 12 71% 940 moderate critical viral clearance (time to event analysis only)detailed results Hung et al., 2020 4.37 [1.86; 10.25]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 1.28 [0.92; 1.79]
Udwadia, 2020 1.37 [0.94; 1.98]
1.69 [1.02 ; 2.78 ] Hung et al., 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020, Udwadia, 2020 3 72% 445 moderate not evaluable viral clearance by day 14detailed results AVIFAVIR, 2020 3.08 [0.62; 15.39]
Chen, 2020 1.42 [0.26; 7.76]
ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 1.28 [0.19; 8.76]
ELACOI (Lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 1.84 [0.40; 8.38]
ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020 2.80 [0.31; 25.53]
Huang, 2020 1.09 [0.95; 1.26]
Li T, 2020 1.00 [0.03; 34.67]
Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020 0.18 [0.01; 4.75]
Lou Y, 2020 0.12 [0.01; 2.86]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 0.99 [0.93; 1.06]
1.01 [0.95 ; 1.07 ] AVIFAVIR, 2020, Chen, 2020, ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020, ELACOI (Lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020, ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020, Huang, 2020, Li T, 2020, Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020, Lou Y, 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020 10 0% 460 moderate low viral clearance by day 7detailed results AVIFAVIR, 2020 3.89 [1.23; 12.29]
Chaccour, 2020 0.92 [0.77; 1.09]
Dabbous HM, 2020 1.33 [0.60; 2.93]
ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 0.30 [0.05; 1.91]
ELACOI (Lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 1.08 [0.41; 2.89]
ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020 0.67 [0.10; 4.58]
Huang, 2020 1.20 [0.60; 2.40]
Kirti, 2021 0.80 [0.43; 1.50]
Lou Y, 2020 1.50 [0.26; 8.82]
Ren, 2020 28.50 [1.27; 640.66]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 1.05 [0.92; 1.20]
1.04 [0.86 ; 1.26 ] AVIFAVIR, 2020, Chaccour, 2020, Dabbous HM, 2020, ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020, ELACOI (Lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020, ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020, Huang, 2020, Kirti, 2021, Lou Y, 2020, Ren, 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020 11 30% 645 moderate low ICU admissiondetailed results Abd-Elsalam, 2020 0.83 [0.35; 1.95]
FACCT Trial, 2021 1.42 [0.79; 2.55]
Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir), 2021 0.87 [0.69; 1.10]
Galan, 2021 1.42 [0.68; 2.99]
I-TECH (Lim), 2022 0.78 [0.27; 2.23]
Khamis, 2020 1.03 [0.35; 3.03]
Kirti, 2021 0.90 [0.30; 2.70]
Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020 5.43 [0.21; 139.89]
Lou Y, 2020 2.11 [0.06; 70.98]
ProPAC-COVID, 2021 1.24 [0.26; 5.80]
Sekhavati, 2020 0.25 [0.05; 1.28]
Solaymani-Dodaran, 2021 1.23 [0.70; 2.18]
Yakoot, 2020 0.38 [0.07; 2.08]
0.96 [0.80 ; 1.14 ] Abd-Elsalam, 2020, FACCT Trial, 2021, Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir), 2021, Galan, 2021, I-TECH (Lim), 2022, Khamis, 2020, Kirti, 2021, Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR), 2020, Lou Y, 2020, ProPAC-COVID, 2021, Sekhavati, 2020, Solaymani-Dodaran, 2021, Yakoot, 2020 13 0% 2,262 moderate low off oxygenationdetailed results HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021 0.98 [0.64; 1.51]
0.98 [0.64 ; 1.51 ] HYDRA (Hernandez-Cardenas), 2021 1 0% 214 NA not evaluable recoverydetailed results Abdulamir, 2021 1.00 [0.20; 5.12]
GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 0.81 [0.64; 1.03]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 1.11 [0.90; 1.37]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 1.18 [0.96; 1.45]
Mobarak S (DISCOVER), 2021 0.97 [0.89; 1.05]
Yakoot, 2020 1.60 [1.00; 2.55]
1.04 [0.91 ; 1.20 ] Abdulamir, 2021, GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, Mobarak S (DISCOVER), 2021, Yakoot, 2020 6 53% 2,515 moderate not evaluable severe COVID-19 occurrencedetailed results ELACOI (Lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 0.30 [0.07; 1.27]
0.30 [0.07 ; 1.27 ] ELACOI (Lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 1 0% 69 NA not evaluable AE leading to drug discontinuationdetailed results CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 2.43 [0.79; 7.45]
2.43 [0.79 ; 7.45 ] CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 1 0% 233 NA not evaluable cardiac arrestdetailed results SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 1.92 [0.35; 10.49]
1.92 [0.35 ; 10.49 ] SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 1 0% 1,853 NA not evaluable related SAE (TRSAE)detailed results COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 1.24 [0.50; 3.11]
1.24 [0.50 ; 3.11 ] COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 1 0% 439 NA not evaluable serious adverse eventsdetailed results Cao, 2020 0.52 [0.27; 1.01]
CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 0.64 [0.33; 1.23]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 1.87 [0.36; 9.75]
COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020 1.02 [0.20; 5.10]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 1.20 [0.82; 1.77]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 0.55 [0.25; 1.23]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 0.50 [0.22; 1.14]
Hung et al., 2020 0.23 [0.01; 7.12]
Krolewiecki, 2020 1.00 [0.03; 31.59]
Lou Y, 2020 2.25 [0.38; 13.47]
NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020 3.97 [0.18; 88.58]
NCT04542694, 2020 6.15 [0.30; 124.49]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 0.72 [0.54; 0.96]
ORCHID, 2020 1.26 [0.56; 2.84]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020 1.57 [0.70; 3.49]
REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020 0.97 [0.22; 4.33]
Ren, 2020 1.00 [0.02; 55.80]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 2.06 [0.09; 46.40]
Sadeghi , 2020 1.00 [0.02; 51.94]
Shinkai, 2021 2.80 [0.14; 56.95]
Udwadia, 2020 1.03 [0.02; 52.48]
Yakoot, 2020 1.02 [0.02; 52.72]
0.85 [0.71 ; 1.01 ] Cao, 2020, CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Krolewiecki, 2020, Lou Y, 2020, NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020, NCT04542694, 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020, ORCHID, 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only), 2020, REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine), 2020, Ren, 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020, Sadeghi , 2020, Shinkai, 2021, Udwadia, 2020, Yakoot, 2020 22 0% 6,449 moderate critical acute kidney injury detailed results Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 1.18 [0.44; 3.18]
1.18 [0.44 ; 3.18 ] Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 1 0% 345 NA not evaluable adverse eventsdetailed results Chaccour, 2020 1.00 [0.20; 5.07]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 2.22 [1.43; 3.44]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti)-Hydroxychloroquine, 2020 0.88 [0.29; 2.65]
COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020 1.21 [0.82; 1.78]
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 1.63 [1.09; 2.42]
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 1.21 [0.82; 1.80]
Huang, 2020 1.80 [0.14; 23.37]
Krolewiecki, 2020 1.53 [0.42; 5.58]
NCT04310228-FAVI (Zhao), 2020 0.60 [0.05; 6.80]
NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020 18.57 [1.07; 322.77]
NCT04542694, 2020 1.00 [0.54; 1.85]
ORCHID, 2020 1.42 [0.87; 2.34]
RECOVERY, 2020 1.36 [0.98; 1.90]
Ren, 2020 0.12 [0.01; 2.86]
Ruzhentsova T, 2020 1.90 [0.96; 3.80]
Shinkai, 2021 19.54 [7.77; 49.11]
TEACH, 2020 1.16 [0.55; 2.42]
Udwadia, 2020 6.36 [2.43; 16.65]
1.71 [1.26 ; 2.31 ] Chaccour, 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti)-Hydroxychloroquine, 2020, COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020, GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020, Huang, 2020, Krolewiecki, 2020, NCT04310228-FAVI (Zhao), 2020, NCT04523831 (Mahmud), 2020, NCT04542694, 2020, ORCHID, 2020, RECOVERY, 2020, Ren, 2020, Ruzhentsova T, 2020, Shinkai, 2021, TEACH, 2020, Udwadia, 2020 18 68% 8,446 moderate low arrhythmiadetailed results Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 2.24 [0.23; 21.69]
RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020 0.90 [0.71; 1.15]
Sekhavati, 2020 0.98 [0.02; 50.38]
0.91 [0.72 ; 1.15 ] Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, RECOVERY (AZI, Horby), 2020, Sekhavati, 2020 3 0% 8,290 moderate not evaluable deep vein thrombosisdetailed results CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 0.50 [0.03; 8.10]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 0.64 [0.23; 1.81]
0.62 [0.23 ; 1.64 ] CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 2 0% 1,296 moderate not evaluable elevated liver enzymesdetailed results CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 0.36 [0.13; 1.01]
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 3.48 [1.40; 8.64]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 0.67 [0.38; 1.18]
0.95 [0.29 ; 3.10 ] CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 3 84% 1,712 moderate not evaluable hyperbilirubinemiadetailed results CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 1.09 [0.42; 2.79]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 0.84 [0.30; 2.34]
0.97 [0.48 ; 1.93 ] CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 2 0% 1,296 low not evaluable long QTdetailed results Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 9.79 [1.27; 75.50]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 0.90 [0.56; 1.43]
2.39 [0.24 ; 23.87 ] Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 2 80% 613 moderate not evaluable pulmonary embolismdetailed results CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 0.50 [0.03; 8.10]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 0.96 [0.19; 4.80]
0.82 [0.20 ; 3.29 ] CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 2 0% 1,296 moderate not evaluable renal impairmentdetailed results CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020 1.01 [0.03; 30.33]
COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020 1.35 [0.47; 3.86]
COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020 1.44 [0.99; 2.11]
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 1.02 [0.64; 1.61]
1.26 [0.95 ; 1.67 ] CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020, COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti), 2020, COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado), 2020, NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 4 0% 2,066 moderate not evaluable serious adverse events (SAE), anydetailed results GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 0.50 [0.32; 0.79]
0.50 [0.32 ; 0.79 ] GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 1 0% 397 NA not evaluable Thromboembolic eventsdetailed results Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 0.89 [0.31; 2.55]
0.89 [0.31 ; 2.55 ] Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 1 0% 345 NA not evaluable 0.0 5.0 1.0 relative treatment effect www.metaEvidence.org 2024-05-11 13:36 +02:00
TE: relative treatment effect (measured by a risk ratio, an odds ratio or an hazard ratio depending on what is reported in the papers);
k: number of studies; n: total number of patients;
ROB: risk of bias (ROB 2.0); Pub. bias: publication bias; OBS: observational studies; RCT: randomized clinical trials
studied treatment is better when TE > 1;
studied treatment is better when TE < 1;
pathologies: 95,94,90,91
- treatments: 290,547,608,830,831,829,901,680,595,828,681,1209,833,629,689,543,617,625,859,511,960,546,564,944,682,1266,943,894,560,1102,598,563,668,753,752,836,639,541,534,581,615,679,522,582,666,1149,1150,737,544,733,597,524,611,538,957,958,521,566,517,881,904,882,897,896,899,1235,898,687,740,883,947,536,591,729,887,742,878,975,570,771,888,1141,690,880,1255,567,596,1437,600,652,557,635,1236,553,628,646,645,607,395,920,1438,927,932,931,1263,599,614,942,1436,928,923,535,1046,727,818,606,954,964,962,963,1045,638,677,627,533,526,616,926,1246,726,580,568,527,588,539,585,691,1210,525,843,827,1047,1048,819,545,1253,519,619,537,514,688,529,508,656,657,832,530,512,515,754,1142,1419,513,884,632,559,889,956,684,886,631,574,509,542,1145,555,554,941,961,1250,633,676,518,532,510,528,520,955,815,893,623,622,630,593,569,516,814,649,650,589,651,968,1245,610,751,747,695,548,970,594,565,879,1257,571,626,697,572,1234,586,573,540,592,930,949,838,698,934,735,929,948,946,945,587,655,1146,531,933,613,919,725,678,921,621,959,748,1348,1256,924,1243,925,658,699,612,552,590,891,605,892,722,618,609,551,834,763,922,935,620,1317,1265,824,766,857,1291,1088,1331,1330,1329,1344,1328,1327,979,822,762,805,950,757,761,806,758,826,755,821,1288,1287,1286,760,1284,802,765,1285,759,823,804,1264,764,858,835,1262,1290,1316,1341,1342,1343,825,803,1244,523,885,734,1439
- roots T: 290