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metastatic/advanced - colorectal cancer (mCRC), anti-PD-(L)1 , meta-analysis of study results

Outcome Relative effect 95%CI LoD Trt. better when I2 k (RCT/OBS) Bayesian probability Overall ROB Publication bias Degree of certainty Endpoint importance Published MA

efficacy endpoints 00

deaths (OS) 1.00 [0.80, 1.25]< 10%2 studies (2/-)50.0 %some concernnot evaluable moderatecrucial-
progression or deaths (PFS) 1.01 [0.60, 1.71]< 189%3 studies (3/-)48.4 %some concernnot evaluable moderateimportant-
objective responses (ORR) 1.51 [0.98, 2.34]> 10%3 studies (3/-)96.9 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-

safety endpoints 00

AE (any grade) 0.80 [0.34, 1.87]< 13%3 studies (3/-)70.0 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
AE (grade 3-4) 0.54 [0.26, 1.15]< 182%3 studies (3/-)94.5 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
AE leading to death (grade 5) 0.79 [0.32, 1.91]< 10%3 studies (3/-)70.0 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
AE leading to treatment discontinuation (any grade) 1.23 [0.23, 6.60]< 179%2 studies (2/-)40.6 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
SAE (any grade) 1.28 [0.40, 4.10]< 183%2 studies (2/-)34.0 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
STRAE (any grade) 1.41 [0.35, 5.60]< 178%2 studies (2/-)31.4 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
TRAE (any grade) 0.18 [0.01, 2.73]< 189%2 studies (2/-)88.9 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.24 [0.07, 0.91]< 193%3 studies (3/-)98.2 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
TRAE leading to death (grade 5) 0.64 [0.12, 3.50]< 10%3 studies (3/-)69.8 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-

TRAE (grade 3-4) endpoints 00

Adrenal insufficiency TRAE (grade 3-4) 3.77 [0.17, 84.42]< 10%1 study (1/-)20.4 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Alopecia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Anaemia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.26 [0.05, 1.26]< 10%1 study (1/-)95.2 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Arthralgia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Asthenia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.09 [0.00, 1.67]< 10%1 study (1/-)94.5 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Colitis TRAE (grade 3-4) 9.63 [0.52, 177.85]< 10%1 study (1/-)6.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Decreased appetite TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.15 [0.01, 3.08]< 10%1 study (1/-)88.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Diabetes TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.88 [0.06, 56.32]< 10%1 study (1/-)36.1 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Diarrhoea TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.18 [0.05, 0.66]< 10%1 study (1/-)99.5 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Dizziness TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Dyspnoea TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.89 [0.08, 9.99]< 10%1 study (1/-)53.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Epistaxis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Fatigue TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.20 [0.06, 0.72]< 10%1 study (1/-)99.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Hepatitis TRAE (grade 3-4) 7.65 [0.40, 146.03]< 10%1 study (1/-)9.1 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Hyperthyroidism TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Hypophysitis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Hypothyroidism TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Increase AST TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.88 [0.17, 20.97]< 10%1 study (1/-)30.5 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Increased ALT TRAE (grade 3-4) 2.84 [0.29, 27.62]< 10%1 study (1/-)18.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Increased lipase level TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.37 [0.24, 7.75]< 10%2 studies (2/-)36.0 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Infusion-related reactions TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.47 [0.02, 13.99]< 10%1 study (1/-)66.8 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Leucopenia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.07 [0.00, 1.35]< 10%1 study (1/-)95.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Mucosal inflammation TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.47 [0.02, 13.99]< 10%1 study (1/-)66.8 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Myocarditis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Myositis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Nausea TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.15 [0.01, 3.08]< 10%1 study (1/-)88.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Nephritis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Neutropenia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.02 [0.00, 0.30]< 10%1 study (1/-)99.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.47 [0.02, 13.99]< 10%1 study (1/-)66.8 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Pancreatitis TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.88 [0.06, 56.32]< 10%1 study (1/-)36.1 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Peripheral neuropathy TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.47 [0.02, 13.99]< 10%1 study (1/-)66.8 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Peripheral sensory neuropathy TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.15 [0.01, 3.08]< 10%1 study (1/-)88.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Pneumonitis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Pruritus TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.47 [0.02, 13.99]< 10%1 study (1/-)66.8 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Rash TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.06, 15.08]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Severe skin reaction TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.13, 6.72]< 10%1 study (1/-)52.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Stomatitis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.07 [0.00, 1.35]< 10%1 study (1/-)95.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Thyroiditis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Vomiting TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.09 [0.00, 1.67]< 10%1 study (1/-)94.5 %NAnot evaluable non important-

AE (grade 3-4) endpoints 00

hepatitis (Autoimmune) AE (grade 3-4) 1.61 [0.14, 18.49]< 10%2 studies (2/-)35.2 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Abdominal pain AE (grade 3-4) 0.81 [0.38, 1.73]< 10%3 studies (3/-)71.1 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Acute kidney injury AE (grade 3-4) 0.63 [0.04, 10.13]< 10%2 studies (2/-)62.7 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Alopecia AE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Anaemia AE (grade 3-4) 0.73 [0.22, 2.48]< 144%3 studies (3/-)69.1 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Arthralgia AE (grade 3-4) 0.57 [0.08, 4.06]< 10%3 studies (3/-)71.2 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Asthenia AE (grade 3-4) 1.06 [0.31, 3.69]< 123%3 studies (3/-)46.2 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Back pain AE (grade 3-4) 2.02 [0.37, 11.03]< 10%3 studies (3/-)20.9 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Colitis AE (grade 3-4) 1.79 [0.18, 17.83]< 10%2 studies (2/-)31.1 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Constipation AE (grade 3-4) 0.90 [0.11, 7.78]< 10%3 studies (3/-)53.6 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Cough AE (grade 3-4) 0.72 [0.07, 6.94]< 10%3 studies (3/-)61.2 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Decreased appetite AE (grade 3-4) 0.23 [0.05, 0.99]< 10%3 studies (3/-)97.6 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Dermatitis acneiform AE (grade 3-4) 1.37 [0.12, 15.71]< 10%2 studies (2/-)40.1 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Diarrhoea AE (grade 3-4) 0.67 [0.20, 2.24]< 166%3 studies (3/-)74.1 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Dizziness AE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Dry skin AE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Dysgeusia AE (grade 3-4) 0.89 [0.07, 11.69]< 10%2 studies (2/-)53.5 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Dyspepsia AE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Dysphonia AE (grade 3-4) 0.63 [0.04, 10.13]< 10%2 studies (2/-)62.7 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Dyspnoea AE (grade 3-4) 0.91 [0.08, 10.12]< 10%2 studies (2/-)53.0 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Epistaxis AE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Fatigue AE (grade 3-4) 0.48 [0.26, 0.90]< 10%3 studies (3/-)98.9 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Guillain-Barré syndrome AE (grade 3-4) 0.89 [0.07, 11.69]< 10%2 studies (2/-)53.5 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Headache AE (grade 3-4) 0.90 [0.11, 7.78]< 10%3 studies (3/-)53.6 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Hypertension AE (grade 3-4) 0.33 [0.06, 1.92]< 183%3 studies (3/-)89.0 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Hypothyroidism AE (grade 3-4) 0.93 [0.02, 47.41]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Increase AST AE (grade 3-4) 1.25 [0.28, 5.70]< 10%1 study (1/-)38.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Increased ALT AE (grade 3-4) 0.85 [0.23, 3.05]< 10%3 studies (3/-)60.1 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Infusion-related reaction AE (grade 3-4) 1.37 [0.12, 15.71]< 10%2 studies (2/-)40.1 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Intestinal perforation AE (grade 3-4) 0.31 [0.03, 3.47]< 10%2 studies (2/-)82.6 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Mucosal inflammation AE (grade 3-4) 0.95 [0.13, 6.90]< 10%3 studies (3/-)52.0 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Myalgia AE (grade 3-4) 0.31 [0.03, 3.47]< 10%2 studies (2/-)82.6 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Nausea AE (grade 3-4) 0.73 [0.23, 2.28]< 10%3 studies (3/-)70.6 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Neutropenia AE (grade 3-4) 0.02 [0.00, 0.30]< 10%1 study (1/-)99.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE (grade 3-4) 0.06 [0.01, 0.36]< 10%3 studies (3/-)99.9 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Peripheral neuropathy AE (grade 3-4) 0.36 [0.05, 2.55]< 10%3 studies (3/-)84.7 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Peripheral oedema AE (grade 3-4) 0.70 [0.10, 4.74]< 10%3 studies (3/-)64.4 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Peripheral sensory neuropathy AE (grade 3-4) 0.15 [0.01, 3.08]< 10%1 study (1/-)88.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Pneumonitis AE (grade 3-4) 1.26 [0.11, 14.04]< 10%2 studies (2/-)42.5 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Pruritus AE (grade 3-4) 0.56 [0.06, 4.80]< 10%3 studies (3/-)70.2 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Pyrexia AE (grade 3-4) 2.72 [0.40, 18.53]< 10%3 studies (3/-)15.5 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Rash AE (grade 3-4) 1.05 [0.32, 3.48]< 10%3 studies (3/-)47.0 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Rash maculopapular AE (grade 3-4) 0.44 [0.05, 3.83]< 10%2 studies (2/-)76.9 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Sepsis AE (grade 3-4) 0.36 [0.07, 1.91]< 10%2 studies (2/-)88.4 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Stomatitis AE (grade 3-4) 0.23 [0.03, 1.68]< 10%3 studies (3/-)92.6 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Thrombocytopenia AE (grade 3-4) 0.89 [0.07, 11.69]< 10%2 studies (2/-)53.5 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Vomiting AE (grade 3-4) 0.36 [0.09, 1.40]< 10%3 studies (3/-)92.9 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-
Weight decreased AE (grade 3-4) 0.77 [0.11, 5.47]< 10%3 studies (3/-)60.4 %some concernnot evaluable moderatenon important-

LoD: level of statistical demonstration: Statistically conclusive: statistically significant with a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error (statistically demonstrated), does not take into account the risk of bias; suggested: nominally statistically significant but without a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error; inconclusive: not nominally statistically significant; safety concerns;
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies; published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE. Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.