patient subgroup...
adolescents (typically 12-15 years of age) adults (typically between 18 and 65yr) age >= 55 yr age >= 60 yr age >= 65 yr age >= 75 yr alpha variant (B.1.1.7, UK) any cancer autoimmune disease beta variant (B.1.351 / 501Y.V2, South Africa) children corticosteroids: no corticosteroids: yes critical disease delta variant (B.1.617.2, Indian) dialysis patients elderly (typically over 65yr) fully vaccinated gamma variant (P.1, Brazil) haematological cancers healthcare workers immunodepression invasive ventilation kidney transplant recipients no oxygen needed non invasive oxygen obese omicron variant BA.1 (B.1.1.529) omicron variant BA.2 VOC original (Wuhan) strain positive for SARS-Cov-2 at baseline severe disease solid cancer solid organ transplant recipients subjects at risk
Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs
All studies (RCT+OBS)
potential COVID-19 treatments - versus control - for COVID-19 mild to moderate
pdf
xlsx
method
abbreviations
Outcome
Relative effect 95%CI
LoD
Trt. better when
I2
k (RCT/OBS)
Bayesian probability
Overall ROB
Publication bias
Degree of certainty
Endpoint importance
Published MA
efficacy endpoints 00 death D28 0.60 [0.45, 0.79]< 1 0% 12 studies (14/-) 100.0 % some concern low moderate crucial - death or transfer to ICU 0.70 [0.44, 1.12]< 1 0% 1 study (2/-) 93.1 % NA not evaluable crucial - deaths 0.70 [0.59, 0.83]< 1 0% 26 studies (37/-) 100.0 % some concern critical moderate crucial - deaths (time to event analysis only) 0.68 [0.43, 1.08]< 1 0% 4 studies (4/-) 95.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate crucial - clinical deterioration 0.73 [0.51, 1.04]< 1 70% 12 studies (17/-) 95.9 % some concern low moderate important - clinical improvement 1.31 [1.09, 1.58]> 1 41% 12 studies (15/-) 99.8 % some concern low moderate important - clinical improvement (14-day) 1.17 [0.93, 1.47]> 1 35% 9 studies (9/-) 91.6 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (21-day) 2.09 [0.04, 119.96]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 63.7 % NA not evaluable important - clinical improvement (28-day) 1.34 [1.10, 1.62]> 1 46% 5 studies (5/-) 99.8 % some concern serious moderate important - clinical improvement (7-day) 1.31 [1.01, 1.69]> 1 71% 8 studies (10/-) 98.1 % some concern serious moderate important - clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) 1.28 [1.06, 1.54]> 1 54% 7 studies (9/-) 99.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - death or ventilation 0.75 [0.63, 0.88]< 1 0% 5 studies (5/-) 100.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - hospital discharge 1.25 [0.92, 1.70]> 1 56% 5 studies (7/-) 92.7 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - hospitalization 1.00 [0.14, 7.34]< 1 0% 1 study (2/-) 50.0 % NA not evaluable important - mechanical ventilation 0.66 [0.37, 1.17]< 1 37% 11 studies (14/-) 92.3 % some concern critical moderate important - mechanical ventilation (time to event analysis only) 0.06 [0.01, 0.83]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 98.2 % NA not evaluable important - radiologic improvement (14-day) 1.82 [0.95, 3.51]> 1 39% 4 studies (4/-) 96.4 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - radiologic improvement (7-day) 0.09 [0.01, 0.78]> 1 0% 2 studies (3/-) 1.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - viral clearance 1.50 [1.08, 2.07]> 1 70% 11 studies (16/-) 99.3 % some concern critical moderate important - viral clearance (time to event analysis only) 1.13 [0.83, 1.55]> 1 56% 3 studies (6/-) 77.8 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - viral clearance by day 14 0.81 [0.10, 6.83]> 1 95% 7 studies (9/-) 42.2 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - viral clearance by day 7 1.17 [0.90, 1.53]> 1 60% 9 studies (12/-) 87.8 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - ICU admission 0.91 [0.67, 1.25]< 1 0% 7 studies (8/-) 71.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - recovery 1.13 [0.98, 1.31]> 1 0% 3 studies (3/-) 95.4 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - safety endpoints 00 serious adverse events 0.75 [0.54, 1.04]< 1 0% 14 studies (15/-) 95.8 % some concern critical moderate important - acute kidney injury 1.18 [0.44, 3.18]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 37.2 % NA not evaluable non important - adverse events 1.89 [1.34, 2.68]< 1 72% 15 studies (19/-) 0.0 % some concern low moderate non important - arrhythmia 2.24 [0.23, 21.69]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 24.5 % NA not evaluable non important - elevated liver enzymes 3.48 [1.40, 8.64]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 0.4 % NA not evaluable non important - long QT 9.79 [1.27, 75.50]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 1.5 % NA not evaluable non important - Major bleeding 1.80 [0.88, 3.67]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 5.3 % NA not evaluable non important - renal impairment 1.35 [0.47, 3.86]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 28.8 % NA not evaluable non important - AE of interest endpoints 00 Thromboembolic events 0.89 [0.31, 2.55]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 58.6 % NA not evaluable non important -
LoD: level of statistical demonstration: Statistically conclusive: statistically significant with a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error (statistically demonstrated), does not take into account the risk of bias;
suggested: nominally statistically significant but without a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error;
inconclusive: not nominally statistically significant;
safety concerns;
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies;
published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE.
Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.