noteworthy treatments
neutralizing andibodies
prophylactic treatment
anti-viral and associate therapy
vaccines
anti-inflammatory
immuno-modulators
adjuvant therapy
Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs (whatever the risk of bias)
All studies (RCT+OBS)
14-days deaths Emergency room visit or hospitalization death D28 death or transfer to ICU deaths deaths (time to event analysis only) hospitalization or death clinical deterioration clinical improvement clinical improvement (14-day) clinical improvement (28-day) clinical improvement (7-day) clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) death or ventilation hospital discharge hospitalization mechanical ventilation mechanical ventilation (time to event analysis only) radiologic improvement (14-day) symptomatic Covid-19 viral clearance viral clearance (time to event analysis only) viral clearance by day 14 viral clearance by day 7 ICU admission off oxygenation recovery AE leading to drug discontinuation serious adverse events superinfection acute kidney injury adverse events arrhythmia deep vein thrombosis elevated liver enzymes hyperbilirubinemia Myocardial infarction pulmonary embolism renal impairment serious adverse events (SAE), any venous thromboembolism
Network meta-analysis estimations pool direct and indirect evidences. These results should be considered as exploratory given the absence
of assessment of transitivity assumption plausibility. Calculations by netmeta package.
Interactive explorer of NMA results
8 RECOVERY dexamethasone, 2020
Metcovid, 2020
CODEX (Tomazini), 2020
CAPE-COVID, 2020
Tang X, 2020
Steroids-SARI, 2020
DEXA-COVID19, 2020
Jamaati, 2021 1 Ranjbar, 2021 6 CAP-China (Wang et al.), 2020
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020
SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020
Mahajan, 2021 1 GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 37 Li, 2020
Rasheed, 2020
ConCOVID (Gharbharan et al.), 2020
Libster, 2020
RECOVERY (plasma), 2021
O’Donnell, 2021
Bennett-Guerrero, 2021
Pouladzadeh, 2021
PlasmAr, 2020
AlQahtani, 2020
CAPSID, 2021
REMAP-CAP (plasma), 2021
CONCOR-1, 2021
Sekine (PLACOVID), 2021
Kirenga, 2021
ConPlas-19, 2020
LIFESAVER, 2021
RECOVER, 2021
NCT04442191, 2021
NCT04385199, 2021
NCT04403477 (two doses), 2021
ASCOT, 2021
PERUCONPLASMA, 2021
PC/COVID-19, 2021
COP-COVID-19, 2021
Co-CLARITY, 2021
NCT04528368, 2021
CONFIDENT, 2020
Holm K, 2021
CCAP-2, 2021
CONTAIN COVID-19, 2021
CP-COVID-19, 2021
COPLA-II trial, 2020
Baldeon, 2022
NCT04397757, 2021
Menichetti, 2021
DAWN-Plasma, 2021 4 ACTT-2 (Kalil), 2020
COV-BARRIER, 2021
COV-BARRIER (critically ill), 2022
RECOVERY, 2022 1 STOP-COVID (Guimarães), 2021 2 RECOVERY (REGN-COV2), 2021
Somersan-Karakaya (Cohort 1, Cohort 1A; Combined doses), 2021 9 SOLIDARITY (interferon), 2020
Rahmani, 2020
Synairgen SG016, 2020
Darazam (COVIFERON Interferon beta-1a), 2021
Darazam (COVIFERON Interferon beta-1b), 2021
Fu, 2020
Pandit, 2021
Shashi Bhushan, 2021
Kalil (ACTT-3), 2021 2 Li, 2021
Darazam, 2021 20 CORIMUNO-TOCI-1 (Group 1), 2020
BACC Bay Tocilizumab Trial, 2020
EMPACTA, 2020
REMAP-CAP (tocilizumab), 2021
RCT-TCZ-COVID-19, 2021
Veiga, 2021
RECOVERY, 2021
Soin AS (COVINTOC), 2021
COVACTA (Rosas), 2020
Talaschian, 2021
Rutgers, 2021
NCT04412772 (ARCHITECTS), 0
Declercq J (COV-AID), 2021
NCT04577534 (COVIDSTORM), 0
EU-CTR2020-001375-32 (PreToVid), 0
EU-CTR2020-001748-24 (ImmCoVA), 0
NCT04479358 (COVIDOSE-2 substudy A 120mg plus 40mg), 0
NCT04434717 (COVITOZ-1 single dose plus two doses), 0
CORIMUNO-TOCI-ICU (Group 2), 2020
Rosas (REMDACTA), 2021 3 Lescure (Sarilumab 400mg), 2021
Lescure (Sarilumab 200mg), 2021
CORIMUNO-SARI-1 (non ICU), 2021 baricitinib vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.00 [0.81; 1.24] 1.00 [0.81;1.24]baricitinib vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.00 [0.81; 1.24] baricitinib vs. control
baricitinib better
0.77 [0.67; 0.89] 0.77 [0.67;0.89]baricitinib vs. control
baricitinib better
0.77 [0.67; 0.89] baricitinib vs. convalescent plasma treatment
baricitinib better
0.81 [0.69; 0.96] 0.81 [0.69;0.96]baricitinib vs. convalescent plasma treatment
baricitinib better
0.81 [0.69; 0.96] baricitinib vs. corticosteroids
baricitinib better
0.84 [0.71; 0.99] 0.84 [0.71;0.99]baricitinib vs. corticosteroids
baricitinib better
0.84 [0.71; 0.99] baricitinib vs. interferon
baricitinib better
0.71 [0.55; 0.91] 0.71 [0.55;0.91]baricitinib vs. interferon
baricitinib better
0.71 [0.55; 0.91] baricitinib vs. remdesivir
0.88 [0.71; 1.10] 0.88 [0.71;1.10]baricitinib vs. remdesivir
0.88 [0.71; 1.10] baricitinib vs. sarilumab
0.87 [0.49; 1.52] 0.87 [0.49;1.52]baricitinib vs. sarilumab
0.87 [0.49; 1.52] baricitinib vs. tocilizumab
0.91 [0.76; 1.09] 0.91 [0.76;1.09]baricitinib vs. tocilizumab
0.91 [0.76; 1.09] baricitinib vs. tofacitinib
1.58 [0.47; 5.27] 1.58 [0.47;5.27]baricitinib vs. tofacitinib
1.58 [0.47; 5.27] casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. baricitinib
1.00 [0.81; 1.23] 1.00 [0.81;1.23]casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. baricitinib
1.00 [0.81; 1.23] casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. control
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
0.77 [0.66; 0.90] 0.77 [0.66;0.90]casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. control
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
0.77 [0.66; 0.90] casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. convalescent plasma treatment
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
0.81 [0.67; 0.97] 0.81 [0.67;0.97]casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. convalescent plasma treatment
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
0.81 [0.67; 0.97] casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. corticosteroids
0.84 [0.70; 1.01] 0.84 [0.70;1.01]casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. corticosteroids
0.84 [0.70; 1.01] casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. interferon
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
0.71 [0.54; 0.92] 0.71 [0.54;0.92]casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. interferon
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
0.71 [0.54; 0.92] casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. remdesivir
0.88 [0.70; 1.11] 0.88 [0.70;1.11]casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. remdesivir
0.88 [0.70; 1.11] casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. sarilumab
0.86 [0.49; 1.53] 0.86 [0.49;1.53]casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. sarilumab
0.86 [0.49; 1.53] casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. tocilizumab
0.91 [0.75; 1.11] 0.91 [0.75;1.11]casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. tocilizumab
0.91 [0.75; 1.11] casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. tofacitinib
1.57 [0.47; 5.26] 1.57 [0.47;5.26]casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) vs. tofacitinib
1.57 [0.47; 5.26] control vs. baricitinib
baricitinib better
1.29 [1.13; 1.49] 1.29 [1.13;1.49]control vs. baricitinib
baricitinib better
1.29 [1.13; 1.49] control vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
1.30 [1.11; 1.53] 1.30 [1.11;1.53]control vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
1.30 [1.11; 1.53] control vs. convalescent plasma treatment
1.05 [0.96; 1.15] 1.05 [0.96;1.15]control vs. convalescent plasma treatment
1.05 [0.96; 1.15] control vs. corticosteroids
1.09 [1.00; 1.19] 1.09 [1.00;1.19]control vs. corticosteroids
1.09 [1.00; 1.19] control vs. interferon
0.92 [0.75; 1.13] 0.92 [0.75;1.13]control vs. interferon
0.92 [0.75; 1.13] control vs. remdesivir
1.14 [0.96; 1.35] 1.14 [0.96;1.35]control vs. remdesivir
1.14 [0.96; 1.35] control vs. sarilumab
1.12 [0.65; 1.94] 1.12 [0.65;1.94]control vs. sarilumab
1.12 [0.65; 1.94] control vs. tocilizumab
tocilizumab better
1.18 [1.05; 1.33] 1.18 [1.05;1.33]control vs. tocilizumab
tocilizumab better
1.18 [1.05; 1.33] control vs. tofacitinib
2.04 [0.62; 6.76] 2.04 [0.62;6.76]control vs. tofacitinib
2.04 [0.62; 6.76] convalescent plasma treatment vs. baricitinib
baricitinib better
1.23 [1.05; 1.46] 1.23 [1.05;1.46]convalescent plasma treatment vs. baricitinib
baricitinib better
1.23 [1.05; 1.46] convalescent plasma treatment vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
1.24 [1.03; 1.49] 1.24 [1.03;1.49]convalescent plasma treatment vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
1.24 [1.03; 1.49] convalescent plasma treatment vs. control
0.95 [0.87; 1.04] 0.95 [0.87;1.04]convalescent plasma treatment vs. control
0.95 [0.87; 1.04] convalescent plasma treatment vs. corticosteroids
1.04 [0.92; 1.18] 1.04 [0.92;1.18]convalescent plasma treatment vs. corticosteroids
1.04 [0.92; 1.18] convalescent plasma treatment vs. interferon
0.87 [0.70; 1.09] 0.87 [0.70;1.09]convalescent plasma treatment vs. interferon
0.87 [0.70; 1.09] convalescent plasma treatment vs. remdesivir
1.09 [0.90; 1.32] 1.09 [0.90;1.32]convalescent plasma treatment vs. remdesivir
1.09 [0.90; 1.32] convalescent plasma treatment vs. sarilumab
1.07 [0.62; 1.86] 1.07 [0.62;1.86]convalescent plasma treatment vs. sarilumab
1.07 [0.62; 1.86] convalescent plasma treatment vs. tocilizumab
1.13 [0.98; 1.30] 1.13 [0.98;1.30]convalescent plasma treatment vs. tocilizumab
1.13 [0.98; 1.30] convalescent plasma treatment vs. tofacitinib
1.95 [0.59; 6.47] 1.95 [0.59;6.47]convalescent plasma treatment vs. tofacitinib
1.95 [0.59; 6.47] corticosteroids vs. baricitinib
baricitinib better
1.19 [1.01; 1.40] 1.19 [1.01;1.40]corticosteroids vs. baricitinib
baricitinib better
1.19 [1.01; 1.40] corticosteroids vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.19 [0.99; 1.43] 1.19 [0.99;1.43]corticosteroids vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.19 [0.99; 1.43] corticosteroids vs. control
0.92 [0.84; 1.00] 0.92 [0.84;1.00]corticosteroids vs. control
0.92 [0.84; 1.00] corticosteroids vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.96 [0.85; 1.09] 0.96 [0.85;1.09]corticosteroids vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.96 [0.85; 1.09] corticosteroids vs. interferon
0.84 [0.67; 1.05] 0.84 [0.67;1.05]corticosteroids vs. interferon
0.84 [0.67; 1.05] corticosteroids vs. remdesivir
1.05 [0.87; 1.27] 1.05 [0.87;1.27]corticosteroids vs. remdesivir
1.05 [0.87; 1.27] corticosteroids vs. sarilumab
1.03 [0.59; 1.79] 1.03 [0.59;1.79]corticosteroids vs. sarilumab
1.03 [0.59; 1.79] corticosteroids vs. tocilizumab
1.09 [0.94; 1.25] 1.09 [0.94;1.25]corticosteroids vs. tocilizumab
1.09 [0.94; 1.25] corticosteroids vs. tofacitinib
1.87 [0.56; 6.23] 1.87 [0.56;6.23]corticosteroids vs. tofacitinib
1.87 [0.56; 6.23] interferon vs. baricitinib
baricitinib better
1.41 [1.10; 1.81] 1.41 [1.10;1.81]interferon vs. baricitinib
baricitinib better
1.41 [1.10; 1.81] interferon vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
1.42 [1.09; 1.84] 1.42 [1.09;1.84]interferon vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) better
1.42 [1.09; 1.84] interferon vs. control
1.09 [0.89; 1.34] 1.09 [0.89;1.34]interferon vs. control
1.09 [0.89; 1.34] interferon vs. convalescent plasma treatment
1.14 [0.91; 1.43] 1.14 [0.91;1.43]interferon vs. convalescent plasma treatment
1.14 [0.91; 1.43] interferon vs. corticosteroids
1.19 [0.95; 1.49] 1.19 [0.95;1.49]interferon vs. corticosteroids
1.19 [0.95; 1.49] interferon vs. remdesivir
1.25 [0.95; 1.63] 1.25 [0.95;1.63]interferon vs. remdesivir
1.25 [0.95; 1.63] interferon vs. sarilumab
1.22 [0.68; 2.19] 1.22 [0.68;2.19]interferon vs. sarilumab
1.22 [0.68; 2.19] interferon vs. tocilizumab
tocilizumab better
1.29 [1.02; 1.63] 1.29 [1.02;1.63]interferon vs. tocilizumab
tocilizumab better
1.29 [1.02; 1.63] interferon vs. tofacitinib
2.23 [0.66; 7.51] 2.23 [0.66;7.51]interferon vs. tofacitinib
2.23 [0.66; 7.51] remdesivir vs. baricitinib
1.13 [0.91; 1.41] 1.13 [0.91;1.41]remdesivir vs. baricitinib
1.13 [0.91; 1.41] remdesivir vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.14 [0.90; 1.44] 1.14 [0.90;1.44]remdesivir vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.14 [0.90; 1.44] remdesivir vs. control
0.88 [0.74; 1.04] 0.88 [0.74;1.04]remdesivir vs. control
0.88 [0.74; 1.04] remdesivir vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.92 [0.76; 1.11] 0.92 [0.76;1.11]remdesivir vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.92 [0.76; 1.11] remdesivir vs. corticosteroids
0.95 [0.79; 1.16] 0.95 [0.79;1.16]remdesivir vs. corticosteroids
0.95 [0.79; 1.16] remdesivir vs. interferon
0.80 [0.61; 1.05] 0.80 [0.61;1.05]remdesivir vs. interferon
0.80 [0.61; 1.05] remdesivir vs. sarilumab
0.98 [0.55; 1.74] 0.98 [0.55;1.74]remdesivir vs. sarilumab
0.98 [0.55; 1.74] remdesivir vs. tocilizumab
1.04 [0.84; 1.27] 1.04 [0.84;1.27]remdesivir vs. tocilizumab
1.04 [0.84; 1.27] remdesivir vs. tofacitinib
1.79 [0.53; 5.99] 1.79 [0.53;5.99]remdesivir vs. tofacitinib
1.79 [0.53; 5.99] sarilumab vs. baricitinib
1.15 [0.66; 2.02] 1.15 [0.66;2.02]sarilumab vs. baricitinib
1.15 [0.66; 2.02] sarilumab vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.16 [0.65; 2.04] 1.16 [0.65;2.04]sarilumab vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.16 [0.65; 2.04] sarilumab vs. control
0.89 [0.52; 1.54] 0.89 [0.52;1.54]sarilumab vs. control
0.89 [0.52; 1.54] sarilumab vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.93 [0.54; 1.62] 0.93 [0.54;1.62]sarilumab vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.93 [0.54; 1.62] sarilumab vs. corticosteroids
0.97 [0.56; 1.69] 0.97 [0.56;1.69]sarilumab vs. corticosteroids
0.97 [0.56; 1.69] sarilumab vs. interferon
0.82 [0.46; 1.46] 0.82 [0.46;1.46]sarilumab vs. interferon
0.82 [0.46; 1.46] sarilumab vs. remdesivir
1.02 [0.57; 1.80] 1.02 [0.57;1.80]sarilumab vs. remdesivir
1.02 [0.57; 1.80] sarilumab vs. tocilizumab
1.05 [0.60; 1.84] 1.05 [0.60;1.84]sarilumab vs. tocilizumab
1.05 [0.60; 1.84] sarilumab vs. tofacitinib
1.82 [0.49; 6.78] 1.82 [0.49;6.78]sarilumab vs. tofacitinib
1.82 [0.49; 6.78] tocilizumab vs. baricitinib
1.09 [0.91; 1.31] 1.09 [0.91;1.31]tocilizumab vs. baricitinib
1.09 [0.91; 1.31] tocilizumab vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.10 [0.90; 1.34] 1.10 [0.90;1.34]tocilizumab vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
1.10 [0.90; 1.34] tocilizumab vs. control
tocilizumab better
0.85 [0.75; 0.95] 0.85 [0.75;0.95]tocilizumab vs. control
tocilizumab better
0.85 [0.75; 0.95] tocilizumab vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.89 [0.77; 1.03] 0.89 [0.77;1.03]tocilizumab vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.89 [0.77; 1.03] tocilizumab vs. corticosteroids
0.92 [0.80; 1.06] 0.92 [0.80;1.06]tocilizumab vs. corticosteroids
0.92 [0.80; 1.06] tocilizumab vs. interferon
tocilizumab better
0.77 [0.61; 0.98] 0.77 [0.61;0.98]tocilizumab vs. interferon
tocilizumab better
0.77 [0.61; 0.98] tocilizumab vs. remdesivir
0.97 [0.79; 1.18] 0.97 [0.79;1.18]tocilizumab vs. remdesivir
0.97 [0.79; 1.18] tocilizumab vs. sarilumab
0.95 [0.54; 1.66] 0.95 [0.54;1.66]tocilizumab vs. sarilumab
0.95 [0.54; 1.66] tocilizumab vs. tofacitinib
1.72 [0.52; 5.75] 1.72 [0.52;5.75]tocilizumab vs. tofacitinib
1.72 [0.52; 5.75] tofacitinib vs. baricitinib
0.63 [0.19; 2.12] 0.63 [0.19;2.12]tofacitinib vs. baricitinib
0.63 [0.19; 2.12] tofacitinib vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
0.64 [0.19; 2.13] 0.64 [0.19;2.13]tofacitinib vs. casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve)
0.64 [0.19; 2.13] tofacitinib vs. control
0.49 [0.15; 1.62] 0.49 [0.15;1.62]tofacitinib vs. control
0.49 [0.15; 1.62] tofacitinib vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.51 [0.15; 1.71] 0.51 [0.15;1.71]tofacitinib vs. convalescent plasma treatment
0.51 [0.15; 1.71] tofacitinib vs. corticosteroids
0.53 [0.16; 1.78] 0.53 [0.16;1.78]tofacitinib vs. corticosteroids
0.53 [0.16; 1.78] tofacitinib vs. interferon
0.45 [0.13; 1.52] 0.45 [0.13;1.52]tofacitinib vs. interferon
0.45 [0.13; 1.52] tofacitinib vs. remdesivir
0.56 [0.17; 1.88] 0.56 [0.17;1.88]tofacitinib vs. remdesivir
0.56 [0.17; 1.88] tofacitinib vs. sarilumab
0.55 [0.15; 2.05] 0.55 [0.15;2.05]tofacitinib vs. sarilumab
0.55 [0.15; 2.05] tofacitinib vs. tocilizumab
0.58 [0.17; 1.93] 0.58 [0.17;1.93]tofacitinib vs. tocilizumab
0.58 [0.17; 1.93] Risk of bias:
- high: 0.0 %
- some concerns: 77.8 %
- low: 22.2 %
- NA: 0.0 % corticosteroids Risk of bias:
- high: 0.0 %
- some concerns: 85.7 %
- low: 14.3 %
- NA: 0.0 % remdesivir Risk of bias:
- high: 0.0 %
- some concerns: 56.8 %
- low: 43.2 %
- NA: 0.0 % convalescent plasma treatment Risk of bias:
- high: 0.0 %
- some concerns: 25.0 %
- low: 75.0 %
- NA: 0.0 % baricitinib Risk of bias:
- high: 0.0 %
- some concerns: 0.0 %
- low: 100.0 %
- NA: 0.0 % tofacitinib Risk of bias:
- high: 0.0 %
- some concerns: 100.0 %
- low: 0.0 %
- NA: 0.0 % casirivimab/imdevimab (Ronapreve) Risk of bias:
- high: 0.0 %
- some concerns: 100.0 %
- low: 0.0 %
- NA: 0.0 % interferon Risk of bias:
- high: 0.0 %
- some concerns: 60.0 %
- low: 40.0 %
- NA: 0.0 % tocilizumab Risk of bias:
- high: 0.0 %
- some concerns: 100.0 %
- low: 0.0 %
- NA: 0.0 % sarilumab Risk of bias:
- high: NaN
- some concerns: NaN
- low: NaN
- NA: NaN control direct evidence network meta-analysis comet plot result box odds ratio A B 0.5 1.5 1.0 odds ratio for A vs. B and half 95% CI ROB: high some concerns low NA
Click on treatment name to display related network evidence