• metastatic/advanced - esophageal cancer (mEC)
• mEC - (neo)adjuvant (NA) 1
• mEC - 1st line (L1) 1
• mEC - 2nd line (L2) 3
• gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC)

 

• immune chekpoint inhibitors
• anti-PD-(L)1
• nivolumab based treatment
• nivolumab alone

• versus all
• vs non active control
• vs placebo

  All patients Age < 65y (younger) Age > 65y Asian type cancer location (esophagus) cancer location (gastro-esophageal) cell type, adenocarcinoma cell cell type, squamous cell ECOG 0 ECOG 1 Gender, female Gender, male HER2 negative HER2 positive PD-L1 < 1% PD-L1 > 1% stage II stage III (locally advanced)

• study list
• mapping
• overview
• meta-analysis
• forest plot
• NMA
• excluded

Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded) Best available evidence (possibly low or very low) All RCTs All studies (RCT+OBS)   studies

mEC - (neo)adjuvant (NA), immune chekpoint inhibitors vs. all, meta-analysis of study results

TE: relative treatment effect (measured by a risk ratio, an odds ratio or an hazard ratio depending on what is reported in the papers); k: number of studies; n: total number of patients; ROB: risk of bias (ROB 2.0); Pub. bias: publication bias; OBS: observational studies; RCT: randomized clinical trials
studied treatment is better when TE > 1; studied treatment is better when TE < 1;