• muscular invasive bladder cancer (MIBC)
• MIBC - (neo)adjuvant (NA)
• MIBC - NA - all population 2
• MIBC - NA - PDL1 positive 1

 

• immune chekpoint inhibitors
• anti-PD-(L)1
• nivolumab based treatment
• nivolumab alone

• versus all
• vs non active control
• vs placebo

  All patients PD-L1 > 1%

• study list
• mapping
• overview
• meta-analysis
• forest plot
• NMA
• excluded

Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded) Best available evidence (possibly low or very low) All RCTs All studies (RCT+OBS)   studies

MIBC - NA - PDL1 positive, nivolumab based treatment vs. all, meta-analysis of study results

TE: relative treatment effect (measured by a risk ratio, an odds ratio or an hazard ratio depending on what is reported in the papers); k: number of studies; n: total number of patients; ROB: risk of bias (ROB 2.0); Pub. bias: publication bias; OBS: observational studies; RCT: randomized clinical trials
studied treatment is better when TE > 1; studied treatment is better when TE < 1;