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locally advanced (laHNSCC), anti-PD-(L)1 , meta-analysis of study results

Outcome Relative effect 95%CI LoD Trt. better when I2 k (RCT/OBS) Bayesian probability Overall ROB Publication bias Degree of certainty Endpoint importance Published MA

efficacy endpoints 00

deaths (OS) 1.31 [0.93, 1.85]< 10%1 study (1/-)6.2 %NAnot evaluable crucial-
progression or deaths (PFS) 1.21 [0.93, 1.57]< 10%1 study (1/-)7.7 %NAnot evaluable important-
objective responses (ORR) 0.95 [0.66, 1.36]> 10%1 study (1/-)38.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-

safety endpoints 00

AE (any grade) 0.67 [0.11, 4.05]< 10%1 study (1/-)66.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
AE (grade 3-4) 1.54 [1.02, 2.33]< 10%1 study (1/-)2.1 %NAnot evaluable non important-
STRAE (any grade) 1.19 [0.87, 1.64]< 10%1 study (1/-)13.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
TRAE (any grade) 0.67 [0.19, 2.40]< 10%1 study (1/-)73.0 %NAnot evaluable non important-
TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.38 [0.97, 1.97]< 10%1 study (1/-)3.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
TRAE leading to death (grade 5) 1.98 [0.18, 21.97]< 10%1 study (1/-)29.0 %NAnot evaluable non important-

TRAE (grade 3-4) endpoints 00

Abdominal pain TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.49 [0.02, 14.76]< 10%1 study (1/-)65.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Acute kidney injury TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.24 [0.48, 3.19]< 10%1 study (1/-)32.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Adrenal insufficiency TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.49 [0.02, 14.76]< 10%1 study (1/-)65.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Anaemia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.91 [0.58, 1.43]< 10%1 study (1/-)65.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Asthenia TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.50 [0.61, 3.72]< 10%1 study (1/-)19.1 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Blood creatinine increased TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.39 [0.44, 4.43]< 10%1 study (1/-)28.8 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Chills TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.07, 59.21]< 10%1 study (1/-)34.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Colitis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.25 [0.01, 5.48]< 10%1 study (1/-)80.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Constipation TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.07, 59.21]< 10%1 study (1/-)34.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Cough TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.07, 59.21]< 10%1 study (1/-)34.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Decreased appetite TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.36 [0.71, 2.60]< 10%1 study (1/-)17.5 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Diarrhoea TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.99 [0.14, 7.06]< 10%1 study (1/-)50.5 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Dysgeusia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.25 [0.01, 5.48]< 10%1 study (1/-)80.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Dysphonia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.99 [0.02, 49.96]< 10%1 study (1/-)50.2 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Fatigue TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.16 [0.53, 2.54]< 10%1 study (1/-)35.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Febrile neutropenia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.76 [0.28, 2.08]< 10%1 study (1/-)70.1 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Headache TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.07, 59.21]< 10%1 study (1/-)34.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Hypertension TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.99 [0.36, 10.93]< 10%1 study (1/-)21.5 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Hyperthyroidism TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.18, 21.97]< 10%1 study (1/-)29.0 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Hypothyroidism TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.99 [0.02, 49.96]< 10%1 study (1/-)50.2 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Increase AST TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.18, 21.97]< 10%1 study (1/-)29.0 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Increased ALT TRAE (grade 3-4) 7.04 [0.86, 57.54]< 10%1 study (1/-)3.5 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Increased lipase level TRAE (grade 3-4) 5.00 [0.58, 43.02]< 10%1 study (1/-)7.3 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Infusion-related reactions TRAE (grade 3-4) 3.97 [0.18, 88.38]< 10%1 study (1/-)19.5 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Leucopenia TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.04 [0.55, 1.96]< 10%1 study (1/-)45.1 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Mucosal inflammation TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.11 [0.72, 1.72]< 10%1 study (1/-)31.2 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Nausea TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.30 [0.68, 2.49]< 10%1 study (1/-)21.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Nephritis TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.07, 59.21]< 10%1 study (1/-)34.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Neutropenia TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.10 [0.73, 1.66]< 10%1 study (1/-)32.4 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Pancytopenia TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.07, 59.21]< 10%1 study (1/-)34.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Peripheral neuropathy TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.25 [0.01, 5.48]< 10%1 study (1/-)80.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Peripheral oedema TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.49 [0.02, 14.76]< 10%1 study (1/-)65.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Pneumonia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.76 [0.28, 2.08]< 10%1 study (1/-)70.1 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Pneumonitis TRAE (grade 3-4) 10.01 [0.55, 184.02]< 10%1 study (1/-)6.2 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Pyrexia TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.49 [0.04, 5.46]< 10%1 study (1/-)71.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Rash TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.07, 59.21]< 10%1 study (1/-)34.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Sepsis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.49 [0.04, 5.46]< 10%1 study (1/-)71.6 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Stomatitis TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.99 [0.56, 1.74]< 10%1 study (1/-)51.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Thrombocytopenia TRAE (grade 3-4) 9.31 [3.63, 23.82]< 10%1 study (1/-)0.0 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Urticaria TRAE (grade 3-4) 1.98 [0.07, 59.21]< 10%1 study (1/-)34.9 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Vomiting TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.88 [0.46, 1.70]< 10%1 study (1/-)64.4 %NAnot evaluable non important-
Weight decreased TRAE (grade 3-4) 0.66 [0.34, 1.29]< 10%1 study (1/-)88.7 %NAnot evaluable non important-

LoD: level of statistical demonstration: Statistically conclusive: statistically significant with a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error (statistically demonstrated), does not take into account the risk of bias; suggested: nominally statistically significant but without a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error; inconclusive: not nominally statistically significant; safety concerns;
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies; published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE. Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.